| [Table 2] Template for white papers for crypto-assets other than asset-referenced tokens or e-money tokens | |||||
| Template for white papers for crypto-assets other than asset-referenced tokens or e-money tokens [abstract] | |||||
| General information | |||||
| 00 Table of content | boolean true | ||||
| 01 Date of notification | date | ||||
| 02 Statement in accordance with Article 6(3) of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 | boolean true | ||||
| 03 Compliance statement in accordance with Article 6(6) of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 | boolean true | ||||
| 04 Statement in accordance with Article 6(5), points (a), (b), (c), of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 | boolean true | ||||
| 05 Statement in accordance with Article 6(5), point (d), of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 | boolean true | ||||
| 06 Statement in accordance with Article 6(5), points (e) and (f), of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 | boolean true | ||||
| SUMMARY | |||||
| 07 Warning in accordance with Article 6(7), second subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 | boolean true | This summary should be read as an introduction to the crypto-asset white paper. The prospective holder should base any decision to purchase this crypto –asset on the content of the crypto-asset white paper as a whole and not on the summary alone. The offer to the public of this crypto-asset does not constitute an offer or solicitation to purchase financial instruments and any such offer or solicitation can be made only by means of a prospectus or other offer documents pursuant to the applicable national law. This crypto-asset white paper does not constitute a prospectus as referred to in Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 of the European Parliament and of the Council or any other offer document pursuant to Union or national law. |
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| 08 Characteristics of the crypto-asset | textBlock | Important Disclaimer: The Project was initially operated under the name BLOCKv and was rebranded as DUAL in February 2026. As a result, certain legacy references, materials, or terminology referring to BLOCKv may remain accessible online. Prospective and current Token holders should rely exclusively on the most recent official documentation, communications, and resources referring to the name DUAL. The Person Seeking Admission to Trading does not assume any responsibility for, nor provide any assurance as to the accuracy, completeness, or continued availability of information contained in third-party or legacy sources that use outdated terminology. The Project comprises the DUAL platform ("Platform"), which provides tools for tokenization and several other complementary services, which rely on the DUAL network ("Network"), an independent Layer-2 serving as the canonical verification and anchoring layer of the Project ecosystem. The Token is the native token of the Network. Because the Network is an Ethereum based L2, the Token is issued on Ethereum based on the ERC-20 standard for fungible tokens. The Token has a fixed total supply of 10 billion units. The Token grants access to the following functionalities: Gas Functionality: The Token serves to pay for the gas required to transact on the Network; Validator Staking Functionality: Tokens can be staked to join the Network as a validator, thereby contributing to its consensus mechanism, therefore verifying and assembling transactions into blocks in exchange for rewards ("Validator Rewards"). Delegated Staking Functionality: Token holders may delegate their Tokens to other participants who act as Validators, rather than directly joining the Network in those roles themselves, while still benefiting from the Validator Rewards generated by the participants to whom they have delegated. Access Functionality: Tokens serve to access Platform functionalities. Governance Functionality: Token holders can access the governance mechanism of the Network, effectively voting on its future development, relating to upgrades, modifications to fee structures, or changes in staking parameters. The Governance Functionality may give rise to the adoption of Network upgrades that modify or extend the functionalities associated with the Token. Any such upgrades are outside the control and responsibility of the Person Seeking Admission to Trading. The Token qualifies as a crypto-asset other than e-money token and asset-reference token, and specifically a utility token, under Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 May 2023 on markets in crypto-assets ("MiCAR"). |
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| 09 Further information about utility tokens | textBlock | The scale of each Token functionality depends on the circulating supply of Tokens available for use with such functionality. Considering the foregoing, the quality and quantity of the functionalities are unquantifiable as they will constantly evolve as the Network and ecosystem develop. The Tokens to be admitted to trading (see E.12) are freely transferable. |
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| 10 Key information about the offer to the public or admission to trading | textBlock | At the time of the present notification, listings are sought but were not yet confirmed. The up-to-date list of confirmed and available Trading Platforms will be maintained on the Person Seeking Admission to Trading's website. In seeking admission to trading, the Person Seeking Admission to Trading complies with its obligations under article 5 of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114. |
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| Part A - Information about offeror or person seeking admission to trading | |||||
| A.1 Name | text | ||||
| A.2 Legal form | text | ||||
| A.3 Registered address | |||||
| Registered addess | text | ||||
| Country | enumeration | ||||
| Sub-division | text | ||||
| A.4 Head office | |||||
| Head office | text | ||||
| Country | enumeration | ||||
| Sub-division | text | ||||
| A.5 Registration date | date | ||||
| A.6 Legal entity identifier | LEI | ||||
| A.7 Another identifier required pursuant to applicable national law | text | ||||
| A.8 Contact telephone number | text | ||||
| A.9 E-mail address | text | ||||
| A.10 Response time (days) | integer | ||||
| A.11 Parent company | text | ||||
| A.12 Members of the management body | |||||
| Member #1 | id | 1 | |||
| Identity | text | ||||
| Business address | text | ||||
| Function | text | ||||
| Member #2 | id | 2 | |||
| Identity | text | ||||
| Business address | text | ||||
| Function | text | ||||
| Member #3 | id | 3 | |||
| Identity | text | ||||
| Business address | text | ||||
| Function | text | ||||
| A.13 Business activity | textBlock | For the detailed purpose as registered in the Swiss commercial register, please see https://zg.chregister.ch/cr-portal/auszug/auszug.xhtml?uid=CHE-223.601.269 |
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| A.14 Parent company business activity | textBlock | ||||
| A.15 Newly established | boolean | ||||
| A.16 Financial condition for the past three years | textBlock | ||||
| A.17 Financial condition since registration | textBlock | The Person Seeking Admission to Trading does not generate revenues yet. The Person Seeking Admission to Trading has been primarily funded by the Token issuer (see below in section B) and though contributions by ecosystem partners. In this regard, the Person Seeking Admission to Trading received twenty-seven (27) percent of the Token total supply (vested over five (5) years). Expenses At the time of the notification, the aggregate operational expenses of the Person Seeking Admission amounted to approximately CHF 200,000. Liabilities The Person Seeking Admission has no outstanding liabilities, debts, or financial commitments and does not face any financial risks or uncer-tainties impacting its long-term sustainability. Sufficient Financial Resources The Person Seeking Admission's financial resources are sufficient to cover the costs generated by its business activities, as described in A.13. No material adverse changes have occurred in its financial condition since incorporation. |
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| Part B - Information about issuer, if different from offeror or person seeking admission to trading | |||||
| B.1 Issuer different from offerror or person seeking admission to trading | boolean | ||||
| B.2 Name | text | ||||
| B.3 Legal form | text | ||||
| B.4 Registered address | |||||
| Registered addess | text | ||||
| Country | enumeration | ||||
| Sub-division | text | ||||
| B.5 Head office | |||||
| Head office | text | ||||
| Country | enumeration | ||||
| Sub-division | text | ||||
| B.6 Registration date | date | ||||
| B.7 Legal entity identifier | LEI | ||||
| B.8 Another identifier required pursuant to applicable national law | text | ||||
| B.9 Parent company | text | ||||
| B.10 Members of the management body | |||||
| Member #1 | id | 1 | |||
| Identity | text | ||||
| Business address | text | ||||
| Function | text | ||||
| Member #2 | id | 2 | |||
| Identity | text | ||||
| Business address | text | ||||
| Function | text | ||||
| B.11 Business activity | textBlock | For the detailed purpose as registered in the Swiss commercial register, please see https://zg.chregister.ch/cr-portal/auszug/auszug.xhtml?uid=CHE-431.037.604 |
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| B.12 Parent company business activity | textBlock | ||||
| Part C - Information about the operator of the trading platform in cases where it draws up the crypto-asset white paper and information about other persons drawing the crypto-asset white paper pursuant to Article 6(1), second subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 | |||||
| C.1 Name | N/A | . | |||
| C.2 Legal form | N/A | . | |||
| C.3 Registered address | |||||
| Registered address | N/A | . | |||
| Country | N/A | . | |||
| Sub-division | N/A | . | |||
| C.4 Head office | |||||
| Head office | N/A | . | |||
| Country | N/A | . | |||
| Sub-division | N/A | . | |||
| C.5 Registration date | N/A | . | |||
| C.6 Legal entity identifier | N/A | . | |||
| C.7 Another identifier required pursuant to applicable national law | N/A | . | |||
| C.8 Parent company | N/A | . | |||
| C.9 Reason for crypto-asset white paper preparation | N/A | . | |||
| C.10 Members of the management body | |||||
| Member #1 | N/A | . | |||
| Identity | N/A | . | |||
| Business address | N/A | . | |||
| Function | N/A | . | |||
| C.11 Operator business activity | N/A | . | |||
| C.12 Parent company business activity | N/A | . | |||
| C.13 Other persons drawing up the crypto-asset white paper according to Article 6(1), second subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 | N/A | . | |||
| C.14 Reason for drawing the white paper by persons referred to in Article 6(1), second subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 | N/A | . | |||
| Part D - Information about other token project | |||||
| D.1 Crypto-asset project name | text | ||||
| D.2 Crypto-asset name | text | ||||
| D.3 Abbreviation | text | ||||
| D.4 Crypto-asset project description | textBlock | The Platform relies on the DUAL network ("Network"), an independent Layer-2 serving as the canonical verification and anchoring layer of the ecosystem, on which the Token acts as the native token (see Sections H.1 and H.4 for further details about the Network, its architecture and consensus mechanism). Through a Blockchain Abstraction Layer, the Project enables Smart Digital Objects (both fungible and non-fungible) generated via the Platform to be minted or anchored on any supported public blockchain, in addition to the Network itself. Designed for scalability and interoperability, the Platform supports diverse applications including digital collectibles, loyalty programs, real-world asset tokenization, and immersive AR activations. By combining flexible developer tools with enterprise-grade integrations, the Project positions itself as a foundational layer for the "Trillion Object Opportunity", the next generation of digital ownership of programmable assets and en-gagement in Web3. |
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| D.5 Details of all natural or legal persons involved in implementation of crypto-asset project | |||||
| Person #1 | id | 1 | |||
| Type of person | enumeration | ||||
| Name of person | text | ||||
| Business address of person | text | ||||
| Domicile of company | enumeration | ||||
| D.6 Utility token classification | boolean | ||||
| D.7 Key features of goods or services for utility token projects | text | ||||
| D.8 Plans for the token | |||||
| Description of past milestones | textBlock | The Network was originally launched with the VEE Token acting as the native token. The To-ken was launched to fully substitute itself to the VEE Token. Network Mainnet Launch: April 2026 . Deployment Token Smart Contract on Ethereum: December 31, 2025. |
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| Description of future milestones | textBlock | Migration Tools Availability: March 2026 Listing within the EU/EEA on Trading Platforms: March-April 2026 Launch of the Governance Platform: Q2 2026 |
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| D.9 Resource allocation | text | ||||
| D.10 Planned use of collected funds or other tokens | text | ||||
| Part E - Information about offer to public of other tokens or their admission to trading | |||||
| E.1 Public offering or admission to trading | enumeration | ||||
| E.2 Reasons for public offer or admission to trading | textBlock | ||||
| E.3 Fundraising target | |||||
| Target expressed in currency | monetary | EUR | |||
| Target expressed in units | decimal | ||||
| Target expressed in digital token identifier | text | ||||
| E.4 Minimum subscription goals | |||||
| Goals expressed in currency | monetary | EUR | |||
| Goals expressed in units | decimal | ||||
| Goals expressed in digital token identifier | text | ||||
| E.5 Maximum subscription goals | |||||
| Goasl expressed in currency | monetary | EUR | |||
| Goals expressed in units | decimal | ||||
| Goals expressed in digital token identifier | text | ||||
| E.6 Oversubscription acceptance | boolean | ||||
| E.7 Oversubscription allocation | text | ||||
| Issue price details | |||||
| E.8 Issue price | decimal | ||||
| E.9 Official currency determining issue price | enumeration | ||||
| E.9 Any other tokens determining issue price | text | ||||
| E.10 Subscription fee | |||||
| Fee expressed in currency | monetary | EUR | |||
| Fee expressed in units | decimal | ||||
| Fee expressed in digital token identifier | text | ||||
| E.11 Offer price determination method | text | ||||
| E.12 Total number of offered or traded other tokens | integer | ||||
| E.13 Targeted holders | enumeration | ||||
| E.14 Holder restrictions | text | The Trading Platforms in accordance with applicable laws, including applicable international sanctions, and internal policies may impose restrictions to buyers and sellers of Tokens. Any check performed to implement such restrictions, notably KYC checks, are not conducted by the Person Seeking Admission to Trading. |
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| E.15 Reimbursement notice | boolean true | ||||
| E.16 Refund mechanism | textBlock | ||||
| E.17 Refund timeline | text | ||||
| E.18 Offer phases | textBlock | ||||
| E.19 Early purchase discount | textBlock | ||||
| E.20 Time-limited offer | boolean | ||||
| E.21 Subscription period beginning | date | ||||
| E.22 Subscription period end | date | ||||
| E.23 Safeguarding arrangements for offered funds or other tokens | textBlock | ||||
| E.24 Payment methods for other token purchase | textBlock | ||||
| E.25 Value transfer methods for reimbursement | textBlock | ||||
| E.26 Right of withdrawal | textBlock | ||||
| E.27 Transfer of purchased other tokens | textBlock | The Person Seeking Admission to Trading bears no responsibility for any transfers of the Token between market participants on the Trading Platforms. |
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| E.28 Transfer time schedule | text | The Person Seeking Admission to Trading has no control over the timing of such transfers. |
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| E.29 Purchaser's technical requirements | textBlock | ||||
| Other token services provider characteristics | |||||
| E.30 Other token service provider (CASP) name | text | ||||
| E.31 CASP identifier | LEI | ||||
| E.32 Placement form | enumeration | ||||
| Trading platforms characteristics | |||||
| E.33 Trading platforms name | text | The most current list of available Trading Platforms will be at all times available on the website of the Person Seeking Admission to Trading. |
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| E.34 Trading platforms market identifier code (MIC) | text | ||||
| E.35 Trading platforms access | text | ||||
| E.36 Involved costs | textBlock | ||||
| E.37 Offer expenses | textBlock | ||||
| E.38 Conflicts of interest | textBlock | ||||
| E.39 Applicable law | textBlock | ||||
| E.40 Competent court | textBlock | ||||
| Part F - Information about other tokens | |||||
| F.1 Crypto-asset type | text | ||||
| F.2 Other token functionality | textBlock | Gas Functionality: The Token serves to pay for the gas required to transact on the Network; Validator Staking Functionality: Tokens can be staked to join the Network as a validator, thereby contributing to its consensus mechanism, therefore verifying and assembling transactions into blocks in exchange for rewards ("Validator Rewards"). Delegated Staking Functionality: Token holders may delegate their Tokens to other participants who act as Validators, rather than directly joining the Network in those roles themselves, while still benefiting from the Validator Rewards generated by the participants to whom they have delegated. Access Functionality: Tokens serve to access Platform functionalities. Governance Functionality: Token holders can access the governance mechanism of the Network, effectively voting on its future development, relating to upgrades, modifications to fee structures, or changes in staking parameters. |
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| F.3 Planned application of functionalities | textBlock | However, the Governance Functionality will be introduced in successive implementation phases to be communicated transparently as they become available. |
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| A description of the characteristics of the other token, including the data necessary for classification of the crypto-asset white paper in the register referred to in Article 109 of Regulation (EU) 2023/1114, as specified in accordance with paragraph 8 of that Article | |||||
| F.4 Type of crypto-asset white paper | enumeration | ||||
| F.5 Type of submission | enumeration | ||||
| F.6 Other token characteristics | textBlock | Fixed supply of 10 billion units. Token issued to serve as the main token in relation to the Network (see Section F.2) Token does not carry any legally enforceable rights or entitlements against the issuer (see Section G.1). |
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| F.7 Commercial name or trading name | text | ||||
| F.8 Website of the issuer | text | ||||
| F.9 Starting date of offer to the public or admission to trading | date | ||||
| F.10 Publication date | date | ||||
| F.11 Any other services provided by the issuer | textBlock | ||||
| F.12 Language or languages of white paper | text | ||||
| F.13 Digital token identifier code used to uniquely identify the crypto-asset or each of the several crypto assets to which the white paper relates, where available | text | ||||
| F.14 Functionally fungible group digital token identifier, where available | text | ||||
| F.15 Voluntary data flag | boolean | ||||
| F.16 Personal data flag | boolean | ||||
| F.17 LEI eligibility | boolean | ||||
| F.18 Home member state | enumeration | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #1 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #2 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #3 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #4 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #5 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #6 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #7 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #8 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #9 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #10 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #11 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #12 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #13 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #14 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #15 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #16 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #17 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #18 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #19 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #20 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #21 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #22 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #23 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #24 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #25 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #26 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #27 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #28 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #29 | enumerationSet | ||||
| F.19 Host member states #30 | enumerationSet | ||||
| Part G - Information on rights and obligations attached to other tokens | |||||
| G.1 Purchaser rights and obligations | textBlock | The Person Seeking Admission to Trading, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable laws, disclaims all warranties, whether express or implied, in relation to the Token and its functionalities, as well as the Platform and Network. This includes, but is not limited to, implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. |
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| G.2 Exercise of rights and obligations | textBlock | ||||
| G.3 Conditions for modifications of rights and obligations | textBlock | ||||
| G.4 Future public offers | textBlock | ||||
| G.5 Issuer retained other token | integer | ||||
| G.6 Utility token classification | boolean | ||||
| G.7 Key features of goods or services utility tokens | text | No specific goods or services are guaranteed to be available for redemption, even more so considering the possibility of upgrades affecting Token functionality and decided in a decentralized manner (see Governance Functionality description under F.2). |
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| G.8 Utility tokens redemption | text | There is no claim against the Person Seeking Admission to Trading or any identified undertaking. |
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| G.9 Non-trading request | boolean | ||||
| G.10 Other tokens purchase or sale modalities | text | ||||
| G.11 Other tokens transfer restrictions | text | ||||
| G.12 Supply adjustment protocols | boolean | ||||
| G.13 Supply adjustment mechanisms | text | ||||
| Other token schemes details | |||||
| G.14 Token value protection schemes | boolean | ||||
| G.15 Token value protection schemes description | textBlock | ||||
| G.16 Compensation schemes | boolean | ||||
| G.17 Compensation schemes description | textBlock | |
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| G.18 Applicable law | textBlock | ||||
| G.19 Competent court | textBlock | ||||
| Part H – Information on underlying technology | |||||
| H.1 Distributed ledger technology (DTL) | text | Distributed Ledger Technology ("DLT") describes a decentralized and distributed Network system architecture where multiple participants maintain and verify a shared database. Unlike traditional databases, DLT systems do not rely on a central authority to ensure data consistency and security. Rather, they distribute control across a Network of computers (nodes) and require all changes to be recorded and agreed by the nodes. This distributed approach enhances the resilience and security of such a system, and transparency of the data stored in it without the need for trust between the actors of the systems. Blockchain technology is a subset of DLT, where the distributed database maintains a continuously growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked together in chronological order and secured using cryptographic techniques. A blockchain generally has the following key characteristics: Security: A blockchain employs advanced cryptographic methods to secure data. Each block contains a cryptographic hash (a "digital fingerprint") of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data. Consensus: Blockchains rely on a predefined consensus mechanism establishing how new blocks, and the transactions included therein, are approved by nodes. Immutability: once data is recorded in a block, it cannot be deleted nor altered retroactively without also changing all subsequent blocks, which would require consensus from most of the nodes. Transparency: Transactions on a blockchain are usually visible to all, thereby providing transparency. Private blockchains, without or with limited transparency, however, do also exist. Accessibility: Blockchains are usually permissionless, thus accessible to all, whether to act as a node or to submit transactions to be recorded thereon. Permissioned blockchains, with limited accessibility for nodes and/or users, however, do also exist. About Ethereum The Token is issued on the Ethereum permissionless public blockchain. Ethereum aims to provide a decentralized, secure, and scalable Company for financial services, digital identity, supply chains, and other real-world use cases. Ethereum benefits from widespread adoption and has constant on-chain activity. Launched in 2015, Ethereum introduced a Turing-complete virtual machine, enabling developers to create and execute programmable contracts without intermediaries, commonly referred to as smart contracts. E thereum has undergone significant upgrades, including its transition to Ethereum 2.0 via the Merge, which replaced its original Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus mechanism with Proof-of-Stake (PoS) to improve energy efficiency and scalability (more details on consensus under Section H.04). Its code has been audited several times. Ethereum's native cryptocurrency, Ether (ETH), serves as the primary medium of exchange within the network. It is used to pay for transaction fees (gas), incentivize validators, and participate in governance and staking. Ethereum operates with a layered architecture that separates different functions for modularity and scalability: Execution Layer (Ethereum Virtual Machine - EVM): The EVM is the computational layer that processes smart contract execution and dApp interactions. It enables Turing-complete programming, allowing developers to write and deploy complex applications using languages like Solidity and Vyper Consensus Layer (Beacon Chain): The Beacon Chain handles validator coordination, staking, and the consensus mechanism implementation. It ensures security and finality for transactions processed by the Execution Layer. (Optional) Data Availability & Scalability Solutions (Rollups & Sharding): Rollups (Optimistic & ZK-Rollups) can be used to offload computation from the main Ethereum chain while retaining security; Sharding (Future Upgrade) is planned to be implemented to divide network operations across multiple smaller chains (shards) to enhance scalability. For more details, visit Ethereum's official documentation and repositories: Ethereum Company: https://ethereum.org Ethereum Developer Resources: https://ethereum.org/en/developers/ Ethereum GitHub Repositories: https://github.com/ethereum About the Network The network is a Layer 2 scaling network on Ethereum that uses optimistic rollups to process transactions off-chain while inheriting Ethereum's security. It significantly reduces gas fees and increases transaction throughput, while remaining fully compatible with Ethereum smart contracts and tooling. The optimistic rollup–based Layer 2 executes transactions off-chain in a separate execution environment while publishing transaction data and state roots to Ethereum for data availability and security. State transitions are assumed valid by default and can be challenged during a defined dispute window using fraud proofs enforced by Ethereum smart contracts. This architecture preserves Ethereum's security and decentralization guarantees while providing higher throughput, lower gas fees. |
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| H.2 Protocols and technical standards | text | Ethereum Protocol: The Token lives on Ethereum and its existence well as usage through transactions is thus governed by Ethereum rules, including the ERC-20 standard used for its issuance. Network Protocol: The Token is used for functionalities on the Network and its usage in such context is thus governed by Network rules. Platform smart contracts: The Token is used for functionalities in relation to the Platform and its usage in such context is thus also governed by the relevant smart contracts. |
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| H.3 Technology used | textBlock | Partner integrations with the Platform and Network rely on APIs. The custody solution chosen by the Token holder (non-custodial or custodial, hot or cold wal-let). |
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| H.4 Consensus mechanism | text | The consensus mechanism of Ethereum is a PoS (proof-of-stake) system known as the Bea-con Chain, which coordinates the network by selecting validators who propose and validate new blocks. Validators are chosen based on the amount of ETH they have staked, rather than computational power, significantly reducing Ethereum's energy consumption by over 99% compared to PoW. Ethereum has over 1 million validators as of date of writing. Key features of Ethereum's PoS system: Validators and Staking: Participants must stake at least 32 ETH to become a validator, securing the network while earning staking rewards. Smaller ETH holders can partici-pate via staking pools. Epochs and Slots: Ethereum's PoS mechanism divides time into epochs and slots, en-suring an orderly block validation process. Slashing Mechanism: Validators who engage in dishonest behavior risk losing a portion of their staked ETH as a penalty Network As a layer 2 network on Ethereum, the Network does not operate an independent consensus mecha-nism comparable to a Layer 1 blockchain. Instead, it derives its security and transaction finality from the Ethereum network's native proof-of-stake consensus. The Layer 2 maintains a simplified sequencer and multiple validators set responsible solely for ordering transactions within the Layer 2 environment. |
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| H.5 Incentive mechanisms and applicable fees | text | ||||
| H.6 Use of distributed ledger technology | boolean | ||||
| H.7 DLT functionality description | textBlock | ||||
| Other token audit details | |||||
| H.8 Audit | boolean | ||||
| H.9 Audit outcome | textBlock | While audits strengthen security, they do not guarantee the absence of all vulnerabilities. Undetected issues or new exploits could still arise, and investors should consider these risks. See also Part I (Information about the risks). |
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| Part I - Information on risks | |||||
| I.1 Offer-related risks | textBlock | No Listing Risk: The present white paper is drafted and notified by the Person Seeking Ad-mission to Trading in accordance with its obligations under Article 5 of MiCAR, in its capacity as a person seeking the admission of the Token to trading. As of the date of notification, the Person Seeking Admission to Trading has not entered into any listing agreement with any Trading Platforms. The Person Seeking Admission to Trading its affiliates, directors, and offic-ers shall not be held liable for any damages, losses, costs, fines, penalties, or expenses of any kind - whether or not reasonably foreseeable by the Person Seeking Admission to Trad-ing or the Token holder - that the Token holder may suffer, sustain, or incur in connection with, or as a result of, the Token not being listed on a Trading Platform. General Contractual and Counterparty Risk: The Person Seeking Admission to Trading neither operates nor controls, oversees, or manages the functioning of crypto-asset services providers as defined under MiCAR ("CASP") operating within the EU /EEA and Trading Plat-forms where the Token will be admitted for trading or listed. When Token holders buy or sell the Token on Trading Platforms, the Person Seeking Admis-sion to Trading is not a contractual party to these transactions. As a result, any legal relationship between Token holders and the Exchange is governed solely by the terms and conditions set by each Exchange at its discretion. The Person Seeking Admission to Trading assumes no responsibility or liability for the operations, services, security, performance, or any outcomes—whether financial or technical—arising from transactions conducted on these Trading Platforms. The Person Seeking Admission to Trading provides no assurances regarding any Ex-change itself and assumes no responsibility or liability for any regulatory, compliance, operational, financial, technical, or reputational failures that may adversely affect its ac-tivities. This includes, but is not limited to, circumstances where such failures result in disruptions, restrictions on trading, or the Exchange halting or ceasing its operations entirely, due to sanctions, bankruptcy or alike. The foregoing may result in substantial or even total losses for the Token holder. Multiple White Paper Risk: Token holders understand that any third party can decide to draft and publish a MiCA white paper about the Token ("Spontaneous White Pa-per"). The publication of these Spontaneous White Papers does not imply any en-dorsement by the Company that the Spontaneous White Papers are complete, correct, fair, clear and not misleading. Spontaneous Admission to Trading Risk by Trading Platform: Third parties can elect to admit the Token on their Trading Platforms without any request, authorization or approval by the Company or anyone else. Pursuant to article 5 (2) of MiCA, Trading Platforms are responsible for ensuring compliance with all applicable laws, especially MiCA requirements with respect to the spontaneous admission of the Token to trading. The Company, its affiliates, directors, agents and officers shall not be held liable for these spontaneous admissions to trading. Pausing and Delisting Risk: The Person Seeking Admission to Trading cannot guarantee that the Token will remain listed or tradeable on any Trading Platforms. Delisting (or the tem-porary pausing of such listing) could significantly hinder the ability of Token holders to buy, sell, or otherwise transact in Tokens. In the event of delisting, Token holders may face chal-lenges in finding alternative markets or counterparties willing to trade Tokens, which could ad-versely impact the Token's liquidity and market value. Delisting could also negatively impact the price of the Token, due to modified demand for the Token and/or reputational impact. Trading Risk: The Person Seeking Admission to Trading does not control the secondary markets. There can be no assurance as to the secondary market (if any) in the Tokens, and specifically: it cannot guarantee the depth, stability, or sustainability of any secondary market for Tokens. Limited market depth or trading activity may result in reduced liquidity, in-creased price volatility, and challenges in buying or selling Tokens at desired prices; and it cannot guarantee the healthy and consistent availability of buying or selling opportu-nities for Tokens or the integrity of their market price. Trading activity may be affected by manipulative practices such as wash trading, front-running, and similar schemes. While Trading Platforms are subject to varying regulatory frameworks that may or may not prohibit such practices and impose oversight to detect and deter them, the Person Seeking Admission to Trading assumes no responsibility or liability for their effective prevention or enforcement. Unsolicited Admission to Trading Risk: Third parties can elect to support Tokens on their Trading Platforms without any request nor authorization or approval by the Person Seeking Admission to Trading or anyone else. Token listing, or any further integration, by any third-party does not imply any endorsement by the Person Seeking Admission to Trading that such third-party services are valid, legal, stable or otherwise appropriate. Operational and Technical Risk: Trading Platforms operate interfaces that allow users to trade crypto-assets for fiat currencies, such as U.S. Dollars and Euros, or other crypto-assets. The reliance on the Exchange's internal system for asset storage and transfer adds an additional layer of counterparty risk, as users are exposed to potential operational, tech-nical, or human errors during these processes. As a result, the Person Seeking Admission to Trading assumes no responsibility or liability for any losses arising from these risks. Trades on these Trading Platforms are executed based on a centralized matching algo-rithm and are often recorded off-chain, meaning they are not directly related to trans-parent on-chain transfers of crypto-assets, and could dissimulate detrimental trade matching or rogue practices. The traded assets are recorded solely on the Exchange's internal ledger, with each internal ledger entry corresponding to an offsetting trade in-volving either government currency or another crypto asset. Additionally, funds deposited by users for trading may be co-mingled by the Trading Platforms, rather than stored in unique wallet addresses for each user. This practice results in the centralization of a large volume of assets in a single location, which in turn increases the potential risk of damage or theft, particularly in the event of a hack or security breach. Furthermore, users who wish to trade or withdraw their Tokens must deposit them into the Exchange, increasing the risk of loss in the event of a failure of the deposit or with-drawal processes set up by the Exchange. Unanticipated Risks: In addition to the risks outlined in this Section, unforeseen risks may arise. Addi-tionally, new risks could emerge as unexpected variations or combinations of the risks discussed in these Sections I.1 to I.5. |
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| I.2 Issuer-related risks | textBlock | Legal and Regulatory Compliance Risk: Crypto assets and blockchain-based technologies are subject to evolving regulatory landscapes worldwide. Regulations vary across jurisdictions and may be subject to significant changes. This could lead to changes with respect to trading of the Token and increase the Issuer's costs and/or obligations in admitting the Token for trading. Changes in laws or regulations may negatively impact the value, legality, or function-ality of the Token. Non-compliance can result in investigations, enforcement actions, penal-ties, fines, sanctions, or the prohibition of the trading of the Token impacting its viability and market acceptance. The Issuer could also be subject to private litigation. Reputational Risk: The Issuer faces the risk of negative publicity, whether due, without limi-tation, to operational failures, security breaches, or illicit activities, all of which can damage the Issuer's reputation and, by extension, the value and acceptance of the Token. Key Individuals Risk: The success of a crypto projects can be highly dependent on the ex-pertise and leadership of key individuals. Loss or changes in the Issuer's leadership could lead to disruptions, loss of trust, or project failure. Internal Control Risk: Any failure by the Issuer to develop or maintain effective internal con-trols or any difficulties encountered in the implementation of such controls, or their improve-ment could harm it, causing the issuer to have to report such failures. Such failures could lead to a loss of trust and further harm the business of the Issuer, causing disruptions, finan-cial losses, or reputational damage affecting the Token. Fraudulent activity or mismanage-ment by the Issuer could directly impact the usability or value of the Token or damage the credibility of the Platform, Network and the Project at broad. Unanticipated Risks: In addition to the risks outlined in this Section, unforeseen risks may arise. Additionally, new risks could emerge as unexpected variations or combinations of the risks discussed in these Sections I.1 to I.5. |
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| I.3 Other tokens-related risks | textBlock | Market Risk: Crypto assets, including Tokens, are highly volatile and can experience signifi-cant price swings in short periods, increasing the risk of sudden and substantial losses. Such valuation risk arises as the market value of a crypto asset may not always reflect its underly-ing utility or fundamentals and is subject to subjective assessment. Token holders are thus exposed to potential for losses due to the Token's potential fluctuations in value, driven by various factors such as supply and demand dynamics, investor sentiment, and broader market trends, incl. changes in interest rates, general movements in local and international markets, technological advance-ments, regulatory changes, and media coverage. Notably, momentum pricing of crypto assets has previously resulted, and may continue to result, in speculation regarding fu-ture appreciation or depreciation in the value of such assets, further contributing to volatility and potentially inflating prices at any given time. liquidity risk, where a lack of depth in secondary markets – if any – or limited trading volumes can hinder the ability to execute trades at favorable prices, which could lead to significant losses, especially in fast-moving market conditions. As a result, holders of Tokens may experience challenges in managing their holdings, with the value of the asset subject to unpredictable fluctuations and potential depreciation. solvency and collateral risk, if the Token is used to finance further activities, especially in leveraged positions or as collateral for loans. Significant fluctuations in the value of the Token could adversely affect the solvency of its holder, particularly if the Token is pledged as collateral. A drastic decline in its value may trigger margin calls or automatic liquidations, which could further depress the Token's price, creating a negative feed-back loop. This volatility poses the risk of forced asset sales, potentially resulting in substantial losses for the holder and amplifying downward pressure on the market price of Tokens. Custodial Risk. The method chosen to store Tokens, like any crypto-asset, carries inherent risks related to the security and management of the storage solution. The chosen storage method—whether hot or cold wallets, or centralized custody—can significantly impact the safety, liquidity, and accessibility of Tokens, with direct consequences for the holder's ability to access, trade, or retain their assets. Scam Risk. This is the risk of loss resulting from a scam or fraud suffered by Token holders from other malicious actors. These scams include, but are not limited to, phishing on social networks or by email, fake giveaways, identity theft, creation of fake Tokens, offering fake To-ken airdrops, among others. Anti-Money Laundering/Counter-Terrorism Financing Risk: This is the risk that crypto-asset wallets holding Token or transactions in Token may be used for money laundering or terrorist financing purposes or identified to a person known to have committed such offenses. There is thus a risk that a public address holding Tokens could be flagged in relation to Anti-Money Laundering or Counter-Terrorism Financing efforts. In such cases, receiving Tokens could result in the holder's address being flagged by relevant authorities, Trading Platforms, or other service providers, which may lead to restrictions on transactions or the freezing of assets. Consequently, holders of Tokens may face legal or regulatory challenges if their ad-dress becomes associated with illicit activities, impacting their ability to freely access, trade, or transfer their Tokens. Taxation Risk: The taxation regime that applies to the trading of Tokens by either individual holders or legal entities will depend on each Token holder's jurisdiction. The Person Seeking Admission to Trading cannot guarantee that the holding of Tokens, the reception of the Token, conversions of fiat currency against Tokens, or conversions of other crypto assets against Tokens, will not incur tax consequences. It is the Token holder's sole responsibility to comply with all applicable tax laws, including, but not limited to, the reporting and payment of income tax, wealth tax or similar taxes arising in connection with the appreciation and depreciation of the Token. Market Abuse Risk: The market for crypto assets is rapidly evolving, spanning local, nation-al, and international networks with an expanding range of assets and participants. Any market abuse, along with a potential loss of confidence among holders, could adversely impact the value and stability of Tokens, and by extension the trading conditions on the Trading Plat-forms. Notably, significant trading activity may take place on systems and networks with limited over-sight and predictability. Sudden and rapid changes in the supply or demand of a crypto asset, particularly those with low market capitalization or low unit prices, can result in extreme price volatility. the inherent characteristics of crypto assets and their underlying infrastructure may be exploited by certain market participants to engage in abusive trading practices such as front-running, spoofing, pump-and-dump schemes, and fraud across different net-works, systems, or jurisdictions. Legal and Regulatory Risk: There is a lack of regulatory harmonization and cohesion global-ly, which results in diverging regulatory frameworks and possible further regulatory evolutions in the future. These could negatively impact the value, utility, and overall viability of Tokens and, in extreme cases, force the Person Seeking Admission to Trading to cease operations. Notably, while Tokens do not create or confer any contractual or other obligations against any party, certain non-EU regulators may nevertheless classify them as securities, financial instruments, or payment instruments under their respective legal frameworks. Such classifications could impose specific regulatory constraints, leading to significant changes in how Tokens are structured, issued, purchased, or traded. Evolving regulations could substantially increase the Person Seeking Admission to Trading's compliance costs and operational burdens related to facilitating transactions in Tokens. New or restrictive regulations could result in the Token losing functionality, depreciating in value, or even becoming illegal or impossible to use, buy, or sell in certain jurisdic-tions. Regulators could take enforcement action against the Person Seeking Admission to Trading if they determine that the Token constitutes a regulated instrument or that the Person Seeking Admission to Trading's activities violate existing laws. Such actions could expose the Person Seeking Admission to Trading, its affiliates, directors, and of-ficers to legal and financial penalties, including civil and criminal liability. Unanticipated Risks: In addition to the risks outlined in this Section, unforeseen risks may arise. Additionally, new risks could emerge as unexpected variations or combinations of the risks discussed in these Sections I.1 to I.5. |
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| I.4 Project implementation-related risks | textBlock | Decentralized Governance and Network Change Risk: The Network is subject to decen-tralized, on-chain decision-making (so-called DAO governance). Token holders are invited to participate in proposal discussions and votes concerning matters relating to the Network's development (see Governance Functionality, as described under Sections 08 and F.02). This could result in material changes to the Network's goals, priorities, or operating methods. While such evolution can promote innovation and strengthen adaptability, it also presents cer-tain risks, such as alterations in the value proposition and possible divergence from stake-holders' previous expectations. Novel Ecosystem Risk: The Token holder understands and acknowledges that the DUAL ecosystem, as evolving around the Platform, is built on emerging and rapidly evolving tech-nologies, which inherently carry significant risks. The underlying software, blockchain infra-structure, smart contracts, and related technologies are still in their early stages of develop-ment, meaning there is no guarantee that the process of receiving, using, or holding Tokens will be uninterrupted or error-free. As with any novel technology stack, there is an inherent risk that the underlying blockchain, smart contracts, or associated components may contain weaknesses, vulnerabilities, or bugs, despite audits being conducted. Such issues could lead to unintended behaviors, security breaches, or critical failures, potentially resulting in the par-tial or complete loss of Tokens or their functionality. Additionally, unforeseen technical limita-tions, incompatibilities, or the emergence of superior alternatives could further impact the stability, security, and long-term viability of the DUAL ecosystem. Industry and Competition Risk: The Project is and will be subject to all the risks and uncer-tainties associated with any new venture, visionary projects, including the risk that the project cannot be realized in line with its original purpose or vision about the Network. Other projects may have the same or a similar vision as the Projects There are several other crypto-assets and projects, and new competitors may enter the market at any time. The effect of new or additional competition on the Token or its market price cannot be predicted or quantified. Competitors may have significantly greater financial and legal resources than the project and there is no guarantee that the Project will be able to compete successfully, or at all, with such competitors. Moreover, increased competition may severely impact the profitability and cre-ditworthiness of the project and involved entities. Dependency/Withdrawing Partners Risk: The DUAL Technology itself relies on third-party technologies, infrastructures, and protocols, which could impact its functionality, security, and long-term sustainability. Loss or changes in the key partners providing such technologies can lead to disruptions, loss of trust, or project failure. Any disruptions, vulnerabilities, regulatory scrutiny, or changes in operation of third-party technologies (such as modifications to its mechanisms, governance, or economic incentives) could directly affect the usability and se-curity of the DUAL Technology, which may result in a negative effect for the Tokens. If the third-party technologies experiences technical failures, security breaches, or regulatory inter-vention, it could severely impact the stability and performance of the DUAL Technology, po-tentially limiting its intended functionality and value. This reliance on external infrastructure in-creases systemic risk, as unforeseen issues in third-party protocols could cascade into dis-ruptions within the Token ecosystem. Withdrawing Partners Risk: This is the risk that the Person Seeking Admission to Trading faces in its business relationships with one or more third parties. The implementation of the Project depends strongly on the collaboration and functioning of services provided by several third parties and other crucial partners. The Person Seeking Admission to Trading cannot guarantee that the Project and related DUAL Technology will be successfully developed fur-ther. Unanticipated Risks: In addition to the risks outlined in this Section, unforeseen risks may arise. Additionally, new risks could emerge as unexpected variations or combinations of the risks discussed in these Sections I.1 to I.5 |
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| I.5 Technology-related risks | textBlock | General Cybercrime Risk: The Token holder acknowledges that, despite best efforts to en-hance security, the technological components supporting the Token —including its blockchain infrastructure, smart contracts, wallets—may be vulnerable to cyberattacks. Malicious actors may exploit software vulnerabilities, attack consensus mechanisms, or compromise private keys to gain unauthorized access to Tokens. Risks include hacking attempts on the Protocol, smart contract exploits, phishing attacks, malware infections, and other forms of cybercrime that could result in the theft, loss, or unauthorized transfer of Tokens. Since digital assets ex-ist entirely in a technological environment, they are inherently exposed to evolving cyber threats, some of which may be undetectable or irreparable until after significant damage has occurred. Blockchain-Level Risk: The Token holder understands and accepts that, as with other blockchains, the blockchain used for the issuance of the Tokens could be susceptible to con-sensus-related attacks, including but not limited to double-spend attacks, majority validation power attacks, censorship attacks, and byzantine behavior in the consensus algorithm or be subject to forks. Any successful attack or fork presents a risk to the Token, the expected proper execution and sequencing of Token -transactions and the expected proper execution and sequencing of contract computations as well as the Token balances in the wallet of the Token holders. Smart Contract-Level Risk: The issuance and transfers of Tokens rely on smart contracts deployed on a blockchain network, which introduce specific technical and security risks. Smart contracts are self-executing, meaning any vulnerabilities, coding errors, or un-foreseen logic flaws in the issuance contract could result in unintended consequences, such as the incorrect distribution of Tokens, loss of funds, or permanent locking of To-kens. Additionally, smart contracts are exposed to potential exploits, including hacking attempts, reentrancy attacks, and other forms of malicious activity that could compro-mise the security of the issuance process. Once deployed, the smart contract governing the issuance of Tokens cannot be easily altered or corrected, meaning any discovered vulnerabilities may be difficult or impos-sible to fix without significant coordination, community approval, or even a network fork. Furthermore, changes to the underlying blockchain protocol—such as updates to consensus mechanisms, transaction processing rules, or gas fee structures—could af-fect the functionality or cost-efficiency of the issuance smart contract. These risks could lead to disruptions in Token issuance, security breaches, or a loss of confidence in the DUAL ecosystem, potentially impacting the Token's value and usability. Platform-Level Risk: It cannot be excluded that any technical failure, malfunction, or vulner-ability within the Platform could directly or indirectly impact the value of the Token. The Platform could be subject to critical exploits, such as reentrancy attacks, logic er-rors, or oracle manipulation, which could lead to unintended Token transfers, assets being drained from the system, or Tokens being irretrievably lost. Fixing such issues may require significant coordination, governance approval, or even disruptive measures such as protocol migrations or forks, none of which are guaranteed to be successful. Because the Token's value is inherently tied to its functionality, including governance, any security breach, or governance deadlock affecting the Network or its governance system could have cascading effects, including depreciation of the Token's value, re-duced market confidence, and potential loss of funds for Token holders. Finality or Irrevocability of Transactions: There is a risk that transactions may be irre-versible, depending on the tools and service providers used to initiate them. Access to and any claim on such transactions could be lost indefinitely or permanently. For example, this could occur if (i) a blockchain address is entered incorrectly and the true owner is never iden-tified, (ii) the private key associated with the address is lost, (iii) the address belongs to an entity that will not return the crypto asset, or (iv) the address belongs to an entity that may return the asset but requires additional actions, such as identity verification. Unanticipated Risks: In addition to the risks outlined in this Section, unforeseen risks may arise. Additionally, new risks could emerge as unexpected variations or combinations of the risks discussed in these Sections I.1 to I.5. |
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| I.6 Mitigation measures | textBlock | To further reduce exposure to these risks, prospective Token holders should adopt appropriate safeguards based on their chosen custody method and remain vigilant by actively monitoring publicly available news and market signals, enabling them to respond swiftly to significant developments which may result in the materialization of specific risks. |
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| Part J - Information on the sustainability indicators in relation to adverse impact on the climate and other environment-related adverse impacts | |||||
| J.1 Adverse impacts on climate and other environment-related adverse impacts | textBlock | Based on an annual forecast of over 1 million transactions and acknowledging that these estimates are forward-looking and may prove inaccurate, the total yearly energy consumption of the Token, on respectively Ethereum and the Network, is estimated to be less than 500,000 kWh. In any scenario, it is not expected to exceed this threshold. |
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| Mandatory information on principal adverse impacts on the climate and other environment-related adverse impacts of the consensus mechanism | |||||
| General information about adverse impacts | |||||
| S.1 Name | text | ||||
| S.2 Relevant legal entity identifier | text | ||||
| S.3 Name of the crypto-asset | text | ||||
| S.4 Consensus mechanism | text | ||||
| S.5 Incentive mechanisms and applicable fees | text | ||||
| S.6 Beginning of period to which disclosed information relates | date | ||||
| S.7 End of period to which disclosed information relates | date | ||||
| Mandatory key indicator | |||||
| S.8 Energy consumption | energy (kWh) | ||||
| Sources and methodologies | |||||
| S.9 Energy consumption sources and methodologies | textBlock | The estimates did not account for any offsetting of energy consumption or other market-based mechanism as of the date of this estimation. Sources and Methodology: Estimates follow the Crypto Carbon Ratings Institute (CCRI) and Cambridge DLT Sustainability Framework, applying standard parameters for node-level power × count × uptime. The DUAL token is issued on public Ethereum Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain. The estimated average energy consumption per transaction on PoS is 0.03–0.05 kWh.(Source: CCRI PoS transaction intensity model). Approximately 45–60% of network energy usage is estimated to originate from renewable sources.(Source: CCRI & Ethereum Foundation Sustainability Reports). Estimated average carbon emissions per transaction are 0.015–0.025 kg CO₂, based on validator location and energy mix.(Source: CCRI PoS carbon intensity dataset) |
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| Supplementary information on principal adverse impacts on climate and other environment-related adverse impacts of consensus mechanism | |||||
| Supplementary key indicators | |||||
| S.10 Renewable energy consumption | percent | ||||
| S.11 Energy intensity | energy (kWh) | ||||
| S.12 Scope 1 DLT GHG emissions - controlled | GHG emissions (tCO2e) | ||||
| S.13 Scope 2 DLT GHG emissions - purchased | GHG emissions (tCO2e) | ||||
| S.14 GHG intensity | GHG emissions (tCO2e) | ||||
| Sources and methodologies | |||||
| S.15 Key energy sources and methodologies | textBlock | ||||
| S.16 Key GHG sources and methodologies | textBlock | ||||
| Optional information on principal adverse impacts on the climate and on other environment-related adverse impacts of the consensus mechanism | |||||
| Optional indicators | |||||
| S. 17 Energy mix | percent | ||||
| S.18 Energy use reduction | |||||
| Energy use reduction target (absolute value) | energy (kWh) | ||||
| Energy use reduction target (percentage) | percent | ||||
| S.19 Carbon intensity (kgCO2e/kWh) | decimal | ||||
| S.20 Scope 3 DLT GHG emissions - value chain | GHG emissions (tCO2e) | ||||
| S.21 GHG emissions reduction targets or commitments | textBlock | ||||
| S.22 Generation of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) | mass (tonnes) | ||||
| S.23 Non-recycled WEEE ratio | percent | ||||
| S.24 Generation of hazardous waste | mass (tonnes) | ||||
| S.25 Generation of waste (all types) | mass (tonnes) | ||||
| S.26 Non-recycled waste ratio (all types) | percent | ||||
| S.27 Waste intensity (all types) | mass (tonnes) | ||||
| S.28 Waste reduction targets or commitments (all types) | textBlock | ||||
| S.29 Impact of use of equipment on natural resources | textBlock | ||||
| S.30 Natural resources use reduction targets or commitments | textBlock | ||||
| S.31 Water use | volume (m3) | ||||
| S.32 Non recycled water ratio | percent | ||||
| Sources and methodologies | |||||
| S.33 Other energy sources and methodologies | textBlock | ||||
| S.34 Other GHG sources and methodologies | textBlock | ||||
| S.35 Waste sources and methodologies | textBlock | ||||
| S.36 Natural resources sources and methodologies | textBlock | ||||